The paper presents the reasons for launching the efforts aimed at implementing the lowemission rail vehicles. A short history of development of the hydrogen-powered drive solutions is described. It has been pointed out that implementation of hydrogen-powered rail vehicles results in simultaneous development of production and distribution of this fuel. The qualities of new energy sources suitable for use in the rail vehicles are depicted, while further part of the paper presents the rail vehicles already implemented in the world. Another part of the article pertains to domestically undertaken measures related to hydrogen propulsion. Due to topicality of the National Reconstruction Plan, the excerpts from its provisions related to hydrogen production and modern rail transport have been mentioned. The following chapter is devoted to economic aspects, while the last one to measurable environmental benefits resulting from the use of the hydrogen traction. Another part of the paper will be published in the next issue of the Rail Vehicles.