This paper presents an analysis of selected design solutions for the running gear of freight locomotives and their impact on the vehicles’ traction characteristics. The first part discusses the basic concepts related to traction properties, including the relation-ships derived from the train motion equation and the traction characteristics. Next, the design of freight locomotives and their operating conditions were described. The main section of this paper reviews the design solutions used in the running gear of modern locomotives in operation on the European market, including suspension systems, wheelset guidance, and the transmission of traction forces and torques. Their importance in ensuring adequate traction performance, driving safety, and the structural durability of the vehicle was highlighted.